Hence, all lead to an increase in operating costs and limit drilling and production technology development.įrom the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) ( the drilling process comprises eighty percent of well cost. Thus, oil and gas development from exploration to drilling, to exploitation and production, is facing increasing technical challenges regarding changes in the operational depth, maximization of production, the complexity of drilling operations and the shape of wellbore profiles. According to the US Department of Energy (DOE), 67% of all US oil remains in place and will increasingly require advanced technologies to recover it. The ever-increasing demand for energy, coupled with depletion of accessible reserves worldwide, is expected to uphold the growing interest in discovering unconventional plays that have the potential to drive oilfield operations into new technology frontiers. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ghosn et al., published by IFP Energies nouvelles, 2017 The drilling fluids prepared were aged for 16 h at 350 ☏ (177 ☌) and 500 psi (35 bar) and provided high stability contrary to surfactant stabilized Oil-Based-Mud (OBM) that failed completely after aging. Oscillatory rheology illustrates that addition of clay particles boosts fluids thixotropic properties which experienced full recovery of gel strength even after aging. However, changing the salinity of the brine phase did not have remarkable effects neither on the stability to coalescence/sedimentation nor on the droplet size distribution of the emulsions prepared. Particles wettability has proven to be strongly affected by the pH of the aqueous phase. Nonetheless, on increasing the water phase volume fraction, a catastrophic inversion from Water-in-Oil (W/O) to Oil-in-Water (O/W) was obtained for emulsions prepared using amphiphilic silica nanoparticles. We demonstrated that a threshold of nanoparticles concentration was necessary to stabilize the emulsions which strongly depended upon the particles wettability (hydrophobicity) and sizes. Mines ParisTech, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762Ī novel generation of drilling fluids based on the principle of Pickering emulsions was prepared in this work using three different types of commercial silica nanoparticles with various hydrophobicity and particle sizes. UCP, ENSTA ParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Ramy Ghosn 1 ,2, François Mihelic 2, Jean-François Hochepied 1 ,3 and Didier Dalmazzone 1 *
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